DEEP DIVES

What’s this? A new series on Minecraft.net? That’s RIGHT! We cover blocks, we cover inventory items, we cover biomes (though we’re starting to run out of those, so we’ve been pestering the dev team to add more). But we recently realized that we were totally neglecting the living creatures that roam around Minecraft’s various dimensions. Welcome, dear reader, to Mob Menagerie.
这是什么？是 Minecraft.net 上的一个新系列？是的！我们报道了方块^{（本周方块）}，我们报道了物品^{（背包盘点）}，我们报道了生物群系^{（群系漫游）}（虽然这些内容我们快写完了，也因此我们正在催更开发团队，让他们多加点内容）。但我们最近意识到，我们完全忽视了在 Minecraft 游戏中各种各样维度内游荡着的生物们。所以欢迎，亲爱的读者们，来到这野生动物园！

We’re kicking things off today with a relatively new entry in our animal canon. This horned screamer was added to Minecraft in the first part of the Caves & Cliffs update, and patrols the highest parts of the world. Do you know who we’re talking about? That’s right – the star of our first Mob Menagerie column is the goat!
我们今天要讨论的是游戏生物圈里的一个较新的成员。这个头上长角的尖叫生物是在“洞穴与山崖”更新的第一部分被加入了 Minecraft，随后便在世界的最高处进行闲逛。知道我们在讨论什么吗？回答正确 —— 我们“野生动物园”专栏的第一位明星便是——山羊！

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Goats spawn during the daytime in groups of two or three in the uppermost reaches of mountain biomes – that means snowy slopes, jagged peaks, and frozen peaks. Generally, they just hang around in these inhospitable places, munching on what grass they can find and leaping over obstacles.
山羊会在白天以2-3只为一群^[1]生成于山地生物群系的顶峰 – 那意味着积雪的山坡，尖峭山峰，和冰封山峰^[2]。通常情况下，它们会在这些较为贫瘠的地方游荡，啃食它们可以找到的青草，并且跳过各种障碍。
[1] 正式版本中，山羊生成是以1-4只为一群；
[2] 积雪的山坡事实上并不是山地群系的山顶变种，而山地的温暖山顶变种裸岩山峰不会生成山羊。

Here’s Alexander Östman, who was part of the team who created the goat, explaining how this jumping-between-blocks behavior was implemented:
这里是Alexander Östman，创造出山羊的小组中的成员，由他来解释山羊在方块间跳跃的行为是如何实现的：

"When trying our code out, we usually placed a goat on a single block up in the air and another block nearby to verify that the goat would jump between the two. Here we encountered a number of funny bugs! For instance, one of the first times the jump-force math was off, so the goat skyrocketed up and up, only to fall to its demise! Another time the rotation calculation was off so the goat jumped backward into empty air instead of forwards to the other block! Eventually though, we were able to find the right math and the goats now (almost) always manage to jump to their desired target block!”
“当我们测试代码时，我们通常会把山羊放在暴露在空气中的单一方块上，同时旁边会有另一个方块，从而验证山羊会在这两者之间跳跃。这里我们就遇到了一系列有趣的 bug（特性）！例如，靠前的某一次内，跳跃力相关的运算没有发挥作用，因此山羊被“弹射”上了天，只能等它自己想降落吧！另一次测试时，跳跃旋转角相关的运算又不起作用了，结果山羊向后跳了个空气，而不是向前跳到另一个方块上！不管如何，最后我们总算是找到了正确的运算方式，现在山羊（几乎）总是能成功跳到它们想跳到的目标方块上！”

—— Alexander Östman

Warning: when goats see other creatures, they can get a little ornery – and a small number are particularly unfriendly. They’ll charge and ram any intruders in an attempt to scare them off. If that intruder is you, then here’s my advice – keep an eye on the goat, and as soon as it lowers its head and starts stomping, move out of the way. The goat won’t notice, and will charge at the place where you were, rather than the place where you are.
警告：当山羊看到其它生物时，它们可能会变得有点暴躁 —— 少数还会变得特别不友好。它们将冲刺并冲撞任何入侵者，试图把它们吓走。如果你是哪个入侵者的话，这里是我的忠告 —— 留意盯着山羊，一旦它低头并开始跺脚，就离开你和山羊连成的直线。山羊并不会发觉，只会冲向你原本的位置，而不是你现在的位置。

If you don’t move out of the way in time, you’ll be knocked back a huge distance. Normally that wouldn’t be a problem, but the terrain you’ll tend to encounter goats in is rather precipitous, and there’s every chance you’ll be knocked off the mountain entirely. Which hurts.
如果你没有及时躲开，你将会被击退相当远的距离。通常情况下这并不成问题，但你遇到山羊的地方往往是地势较为陡峭的，导致存在可能你被撞飞到山外边。那可真疼。

Goats, as I’m sure you know, exist in the real world too. They’re actually a type of antelope which was domesticated about 10,000 years ago in what is now Iran. Since then, humans have been raising them for milk, meat, fur and skins.
显然你知道的，山羊在现实世界同样存在着。它们作为一种羚羊在10,000年前的伊朗地区就已经被人们驯化了。从那时起，人们就开始饲养它们，以获取奶、肉、毛和皮。

The total world population of goats is about a billion, according to the United Nations, and this is largely because they’re fairly easy to look after. They’re highly curious creatures, and will taste just about anything that remotely resembles a plant to see if it’s worth eating – including cardboard, clothing, and paper.
据联合国的统计，世界上山羊的总数约有十亿多，之所以数值这么大，是因为它们相当容易照看。它们是一种非常好奇的生物，会品尝任何远观像植物的物品来确认是否值得充饥 – 包括纸板，衣物，和纸张。
As well as curiosity, goats are known for their agility – able to climb and balance in precarious situations. They often climb trees, and are notorious for being able to escape almost any enclosure – often just for fun. In some studies, they’ve been found to be as intelligent as dogs, even asking humans for help solving puzzles.
与好奇心相同，山羊在敏捷度上也非常出名 —— 它们可以在危险的情况下攀爬并保持平衡。它们经常爬树，同时比较臭名昭著的是，它们经常能够从几乎任意一个围栏逃脱 —— 经常只是因为有趣。在一些研究中，山羊被认为和狗一样聪明，它们甚至在解决谜题时向人类寻求帮助。

In Minecraft, our goat sounds are maximally authentic – recorded from real goats. So if there are none near where you live, then head in-game, trek up a mountain, and enjoy the chorus of screams.
在 Minecraft 游戏中，我们的山羊叫声是尽可能真实的 —— 因为是从真正的山羊那录制的。所以如果你的住处周围没有山羊的话，你可以打开游戏，登上高山，然后享受一场尖叫的大合唱吧。